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Sulphur
Plasma lamps are between 25% & 100% more efficient than
any other artificial source of high quality white light. The
light is true full spectrum daylight and thus features all
of the qualitative benefits of sunlight. |
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Under
sulphur plasma light melatonin production is suppressed in all
mammals (humans), making them 100% alert, free from any Seasonal
Affected Disorder and happier, Retail Sales can increase by 40%.
The light is almost 100% PUR and thus perfect for photosynthesis.
Light can be efficiently distributed over large spaces, superior
to all arc-based lamp technology in every sense, and costing
no more than lamps which are used extensively in the Film and
Theatre industry. Unlike all other artificial light sources,
the light output and colour (light output quality) does not degrade
over time and it is fully dimmable down to 30%. The lamp is very
simple; a hollow quartz sphere with sulphur and argon gas so,
unlike all other forms of lighting, it is environmentally benign.
The lamp could be crushed to dust and would make a good fertilizer
for your garden. It contains no lead, unlike most other lamps,
no mercury, unlike all fluorescent lighting and no arsenic unlike
most LEDs (Gallium Arsenide).
The sulphur plasma
consists mainly of dimer molecules (S2), which generate the light
through molecular emission. Because this, instead of atomic emission,
is the mechanism of light generation, the emission spectrum is
continuous throughout the visible spectrum.
The lamp's output
is low in infrared energy, and less than 1% is ultraviolet light.
As much as 75% of the emitted radiation is in the visible spectrum,
far more than other types of lamps.
The visible light output mimics sunlight better
than any other artificial light source, and the lack of harmful
ultraviolet radiation can be especially beneficial to museums
and displays of art.
The spectral output peaks at 520 nanometers
and the correlated colour temperature (CCT) is approximately
6000 kelvin's with a colour rendering index (CRI) of 86.
The lamp can be dimmed to 40% without affecting
the light quality, and light output remains constant over the
life of the bulb. |
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UV / IR vs. Visible Light
With almost no ultraviolet and very little infrared light the
lamp is easier to use with plastic fixtures or fibres and the
best light to display foods, clothes and all forms of art and
museum articles without degradation from UV or Infrared Heat. |
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| Solar Simulation |
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Popular light sources currently used for solar
simulation include the Hydrargyrum Quartz Iodide (HQI) lamp which
is a type of high-intensity discharge (HID) light, produces its
light by an electrical arc in a gas envelope using electrodes.
Note that Hydrargyrum is the Latin name for the element mercury. Also
Xenon lamps that use tungsten metal electrodes in a glass tube
filled with xenon gas. For xenon flash tubes, a third "trigger" electrode
usually surrounds the exterior of the arc tube. Xenon lamps often
have a relatively short lifetime of 200 to 2000 hours. As with
all electrode based light sources the colour quality and luminous
efficiency of the light changes dramatically as the electrodes
burn away during use. And the tungsten lamp, which is similar
to the classic incandescent domestic version, but with an extra
high-temperature filament so that it gives high illumination
and high colour temperature for the price of a short lifetime.
In nearly all cases solar simulators using a combination of these
old technologies can only represent part of the solar spectrum
at the same time and many have extremely elaborate and vulnerable
reflector and filter systems to simulate the Sun’s radiation
at all wavelengths.
With Plasma International Lighting Systems there are none of
these risks or problems, the spectral output is truly full and
continuous, not just for hours, but for years, with no qualitative
or quantitative degradation.
There are currently 2 variations of the plasma lamp available,
the Standard Sulphur lamp (SS0) and the Triple A class Solar
Simulator lamp (AAA). |
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| Class AAA Plasma-I Systems |
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A solar simulator is now measured as class A, B, or C for Spectral
Match, Non-Uniformity of Irradiance, and Temporal Instability
of Irradiance. Solar simulators utilizing plasma-i lamps are
easily designed to meet Class A performance for all 3 of the
test requirements.
The three standards that define solar simulator performance,
in order of most demanding parameters first:
- JIS C 8912-1998, Solar Simulators for Crystalline
Solar Cells and Modules
- IEC 60904-9 Edition 2 (2007) Photovoltaic
Devices – Part 9: Solar Simulator Performance Requirements
- ASTM E 927-05 (2005) Specification for Solar
Simulation for Terrestrial PV Testing
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Standard Sulphur Lamp Spectrum (SS0) |
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AAA Class Lamp Spectrum (AAA) |
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Class A Standards and Specifications
(in order of organisational popularity) |
| Performance
Parameter |
Organization
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IEC |
JIS |
ASTM |
| Spectral Match
(fraction of ideal percentage |
0.75 – 1.25 |
0.7 – 1.25 |
0.7 – 1.25 |
| Non-uniformity
of irradiance |
≤±2% |
≤±2% |
≤±2% |
| Temporal Instability |
≤±2% |
≤±2% |
≤±2% |
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| A Simplified Perspective from Clive
Wing:
The SS0 lamp has hardly any UV light and less red light than
the AAA lamp that the Dutch researchers have named the Artificial
Sun.
Spectral Match – How close it is to the
power of visible and invisible colours that are in sunlight.
Non-Uniformity of irradiance - How evenly
spread out (distributed) it is.
Temporal Instability – How constant the
output is.
A New way of Measuring is Needed
We can not claim higher luminous efficiency than a sodium lamp
or higher PAR (Photo synthetically Active Radiation) than a metal
halide or sodium lamp because when we measure our plasma lamp
in lumens or micro moles it nearly always measures at least 30%
less than other HID lamps of the same wattage. We will claim
a higher PUR (Photo synthetically Useful Radiation) value because
we believe the plasma lamps that we manufacture are the only
lamps that are truly a full and continuous spectrum and thus,
completely unlike LED's, deliver all of the light that is useful
for photosynthesis.
Conventional methods of measuring light for
humans use lumens, deemed useless for horticulture, horticulturists
measure light in micro moles (µmoles). Working with British,
German and Dutch horticulturists and researchers I have learnt
that micro mole measurements are the best indicator we have at
this time. The results from real world tests indicate that a
plasma lamp, that measures 30% micro moles 'less' than a High
Power Sodium Lamp of same wattage, produces at least 30% more
biomass, and can fully grow cucumbers to European standards 10
days sooner. After eating them myself I can confidently write
that in my opinion cucumbers grown in continuous full spectrum
light with a low PAR value, compared to HPS,
have better aroma, flavour and colour. My hunch is that the nutritional
value will be far higher also, especially as thinking it will
be the same is disregarding the principles of logic! |
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March 4, 2010
Research Paper
An artificial solar spectrum substantially
alters plant development compared with usual climate
room irradiance spectra
Plant responses to the light spectrum under which plants
are grown affect their developmental characteristics
in a complicated manner. Lamps widely used to provide
growth irradiance emit spectra which are very different
from natural daylight spectra. Whereas specific responses
of plants to a spectrum differing from natural daylight
may sometimes be predictable, the overall plant response
is generally difficult to predict due to the complicated
interaction of the many different responses. So far studies
on plant responses to spectra either use no daylight
control or, if a natural daylight control is used, it
will fluctuate in intensity and spectrum.
more
info »
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Full, Continuous & Highly
Efficient Spectrum |
Lamp Power Rating |
1000W |
Lamp Efficiency |
160Lm/W (estimated) |
Lamp Envelope Sphere Outer
Diameter |
35mm |
Lamp Rotation |
0 to 6000rpm |
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Plasma
Lamp and Plasma Drive Synergy |
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System Power Rating
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1360W (AvFP 5.9A 230VAC) |
System Efficiency |
120Lm/W (estimated) |
Plasma Lamp Life |
>99,000Hrs
(estimated) |
Plasma Drive Life |
>50,000Hrs (estimated) |
Plasma Drive Magnetron |
>40,000Hrs (estimated) |
Weight |
<7kg |
| W x H x L (mm) |
220 x 170 x 409 |
| 2010 model (separate ballast) |
2 cases each
220 x 170 x 170 |
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Input
data |
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Mains voltage |
230 VAC +-10% |
Mains frequency |
45-65 Hz |
Power factor |
>0.95
at 1300W and 230 VAC |
Output
data |
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Anode power |
100-1300
W set in 10W steps. Regulated by CPU. |
Anode voltage |
(Application
dependant) |
Anode current |
25-350 mA
(Application dependant) |
Filament
current |
4-10 A. (Parameter
setting varied by application.) |
Efficiency |
>93% at
full power |
Protection |
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Filament circuit |
Open circuit / short
circuit protected |
Anode circuit |
Open circuit / short
circuit protected. |
Software/Interface |
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Interface |
RS 232 optically isolated. |
| Control |
Microsoft Windows compatible
multi-lamp remote control
networking module available |
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Safety
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EN 61010 |
Harmonics conducted |
EN 61000-3z |
EMC |
EN 61000-6-3 Emission
(Industry),
EN 61000-6-2 Immunity |
Recommended
Ambient
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-25 to +50 C° |
Humidity |
Non Condensing) |
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Typical
spectra
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Center fq |
2,45 GHz |
Fq scale |
2 MHz/div |
RBW |
30 kHz |
Amplitude scale |
10 dB/div |
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