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PLASMA INTERNATIONAL

PI-VL1 Sulphur Plasma Light

The following Spectral Power Distribution (SPD) charts, show 3 different lamp outputs available now from Plasma International.

The lamps are manufactured to the highest quality in Germany and can be powered by any 400W to 1400W Plasma Lighting System.

Tesla 1000

PLASMA INTERNATIONAL
PI Sulphur Lamp
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Full & Continuous & Spectrum: The Sun on Earth!

Spectral Power Distribution
Plasma International - Tesla 1000 Lamp ’The Sun on Earth’ 0.57 Million Lumen
Spectral Power Distribution Data Source: Jena University October 2007
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Plasma Lamp - Full, Continuous & Highly Efficient Spectrum:

Lamp Power Rating

1000W
Lamp Efficiency 160Lm/W (estimated) (180Lm/w max.)
Lamp Envelope Sphere Outer Diameter 35mm
Lamp Length 150mm including screw-fit ferrule
Lamp Envelope Thickness 2mm
Lamp Envelope Silicon Glass based >98% purity
Lamp Plasma Metal based (Strictly No Mercury or
Indium Halide)
Lamp Mesh Tungsten, Silver & Gold based
Lamp Rotation Variable up to 6000rpm
Colour Temperature 6000K (4500K and 3000K available)
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ESP System VL - Plasma Lamp and Plasma Drive Synergy:

System Power Rating

1360W (AvFP 5.9A 230VAC)
System Efficiency 120Lm/W (estimated) (140Lm/w max.)
Plasma Lamp Life >60,000Hrs (estimated)
Plasma Drive Life >50,000Hrs (estimated)
Plasma Drive Magnetron >40,000Hrs (estimated)
Weight 6.5Kg
W x H x L (mm) 220.00 x 207.91 x 409.00
 
FULL MONTY POWER!
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Narrow Drive Spectrum
Narrow Drive Spectrum
Center Fq
2.45GHz
Fq Scale 2MHz/div
RBW 30KHz
Amplitude Scale 10 10 dB/div
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Plasma Drive - Narrow, Sharp & Highly Efficient Spectrum:
Voltage Mains 230 VAC +/-10%
Mains frequency 45-65Hz
Power factor >0.95 at 1300W and 230VAC
Anode output power range 100-1300w in 10W steps
Anode current 25-350 mA
Magnetron Filament Current 4-10A
Efficiency (electrical) >93% at full power
Magnetron Filament and anode circuit
Open circuit / short circuit protected
Motor Noise (maximum) 36dB
Air Flow 170 m3/hr
Microwave Generator Industry Standard 1000W Panasonic Magnetron
Safety EN 61010
Harmonics conducted EN 61000-3
EMC EN 61000-6-3 Emission (Industry)
EN 61000-6-2 Immunity
Recommended ambient -25 to +50C
Humidity Non Condensing
Interface RS232 optically isolated
Control Parameters Power level, Magnetron filament current settings, moding and temperature protection level
Status Parameters Modbus RTU communication (RS485) for multi-lamp installations.
Human Computer Interface Microsoft Windows Operating System compatible allows remote system networked maintenance & control
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PLASMA INTERNATIONAL
All Lux Figures in the Beam Angle Tables are Mathematically Extrapolated from only a Few Actual Measurements, the following data is therefore currently unverified.
120° Angle Shield System Power (W) 200 300 425 630 730 1040 1360
Beam width (m) Height (m) Centre point of beam brightness (lux)
13.8 4 196 293 416 616 714 1017 1330
20.8 6 87 131 186 275 319 454 594
27.7 8 49 74 105 155 180 256 335
34.6 10 32 48 68 101 117 167 218
 
 90° Angle Cinder System Power (W) 200 300 425 630 730 1040 1360
beam width (m) Height (m) Centre point of beam brightness (lux)
12.0 6 159 238 338 501 580 826 1081
16.0 8 90 134 190 282 327 466 609
20.0 10 58 86 122 181 210 299 391
24.0 12 41 62 87 129 150 214 279
 
50° Angle Strato System Power (W) 200 300 425 630 730 1040 1360
Beam width (m) Height (m) Centre point of beam brightness (lux)
6.9 6 323 485 687 1018 1180 1681 2198
9.2 8 182 274 388 575 666 949 1241
11.5 10 116 174 247 366 424 604 790
13.8 12 79 119 169 250 290 413 540
16.2 14 55 82 116 173 200 285 373
18.5 16 45 68 97 143 166 236 309
20.8
18 31 46 65 97 112 160 209
23.1
20 22 33 47 69 80 114 149
46.2
40 6 9 12 18 21 30 39
69.2
60 2 3 5 7 8 12 16
92.3
80 1 2 3 4 5 7 9
115.4
100 1 1 2 3 4 5 7
 
10° Angle Meso System Power (W) 200 300 425 630 730 1040 1360
Beam width (m) Height (m) Centre point of beam brightness (lux)
1.0 6 4203 6304 8931 13239 15340 21854 28579
1.4 8 2372 3558 5041 7472 8658 12335
16130
1.7 10 1510 2265 3209 4757 5512 7853
10269
2.0 12 1033 1549 2195 3254 3770 5371
7024
2.4 14 712 1058 1514 2244 2600 3704
4844
2.7 16 591 887 1256 1862 2158 3074
4020
3.1 18 400 600 850 1260 1460 2080
2720
3.4 20 285 428 606 898 1040 1482
1938
6.8 40 75 113 159 236 274 390
510
10.2 60 30 45 64 95 110 156
204
13.6 80 18 26 37 55 64 91
119
17.0 100 13 19 27 39 46 65
85
beam angle
All lux figures in the Beam Angle Tables are mathematically extrapolated from only a few actual measurements
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Shield | Cinder | Strato | Meso
 
beam angle
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Visible vs. UV / IR Radiation
 
visible vs. UV / IR
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Sulphur Plasma Light

The sulphur lamp (also sulfur lamp) is a highly efficient full-spectrum electrodeless lighting system whose light is generated by sulphur plasma that has been excited by microwave radiation. The technology was developed in the early 1990s, funded by NASA and the US Department of Defence for anticipated extra terrestrial operations. Star wars program and funding for sulphur lighting was terminated by 1999. Since 2005, lamps were again being manufactured for both research and commercial use by Island Systems in Essex, UK.

 

Mechanism

The sulphur lamp consists of a golf ball-sized fused-quartz bulb (1) containing several milligrams of sulphur powder and argon gas at the end of a thin glass spindle. The bulb is enclosed in a microwave-resonant wire-mesh cage (7). A magnetron (4), variably powered by a digital electronic PSU (5), bombards the bulb, via a waveguide (3), with 2.45 GHz microwaves. The microwave energy excites the gas to several atmospheres pressure, which in turn heats the sulphur to an extreme degree forming a brightly glowing plasma capable of illuminating a large area. Because the bulb heats up considerably, it is necessary for an electric motor (2) to spin the bulb while a fan (6) cools it to prevent it from melting.

The bulb can be placed at the focus of a parabolic reflector to direct all the light in one direction, deeming it probably the only light source small enough and powerful enough for practical and commercially viable light pipe applications

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It would be impossible to excite the sulphur using traditional electrodes. The sulphur would quickly react with and destroy all metallic electrodes rendering them useless. The absence of electrodes allows for a far greater variety of light-generating substances to be used than those used in traditional lamps.

The design life of the bulb is greater than 60,000 hours. The bulb emits no electric or magnetic fields. The quality of light reduces by up to 5% in the first 100 hours of operation and then remains constant for the next 5 years.

With the exception of fluorescent lamps, the warm-up time of the sulphur lamp is notably shorter than for all other gas discharge lamps, even at low ambient temperatures. It reaches 90% of its final luminous flux within twenty seconds (video), and the lamp can be restarted less than five minutes after a power cut.

Our first prototype lamps were 1.18 kW units, with a system efficiency of just over 100 lumens per watt. The first production models were 1.36 kW with an output of 191,000 lumens.

Quality of Light Emitted

The sulphur plasma consists mainly of dimer molecules (S2), which generate the light through molecular emission. Because this, instead of atomic emission, is the mechanism of light generation, the emission spectrum is continuous throughout the visible spectrum.

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The lamp's output is low in infrared energy, and less than 1% is ultraviolet light. As much as 73% of the emitted radiation is in the visible spectrum, far more than other types of lamps. The visible light output mimics sunlight better than any other artificial light source, and the lack of harmful ultraviolet radiation can be especially beneficial to museums and displays of art.

The spectral output peaks at 510 nanometres and the correlated colour temperature is approximately 6000 kelvins with a CRI of 79. The lamp can be dimmed to 15% without affecting the light quality, and light output remains constant over the life of the bulb.

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FULL CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM LIKE THE SUN
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magenta filter
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The use of a magenta filter can be used to give the light a warmer feel. Such a filter was used on the lamps at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.

Because the lamp is electrodeless, the addition of other chemicals in the bulb can be used to change or improve colour rendition. Sulphur lamp bulbs with calcium bromide added produce a similar spectrum but with the addition of a spike in red wavelengths at 625nm. Other additives such as selenium indium halide, lithium iodide and sodium iodide can and have been been used to modify the output spectra. (see SPD chart from Jena Uni)

 
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